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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q182-Q187):

NEW QUESTION # 182
Suppose your company has just passed a security risk assessment exercise. The results display that the risk of the breach in the main company application is 50%. Security staff has taken some measures and implemented the necessary controls. After that, another security risk assessment was performed showing that risk has decreased to 10%. The risk threshold for the application is 20%. Which of the following risk decisions will be the best for the project in terms of its successful continuation with the most business profit?

A. Avoid the risk
B. Mitigate the risk
C. Introduce more controls to bring risk to 0%
D. Accept the risk

Answer: D

Explanation:
Risk Mitigation
Risk mitigation can be defined as taking steps to reduce adverse effects. There are four types of risk mitigation strategies that hold unique to Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery. When mitigating risk, it' s important to develop a strategy that closely relates to and matches your company's profile.
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Risk Acceptance
Risk acceptance does not reduce any effects; however, it is still considered a strategy. This strategy is a common option when the cost of other risk management options such as avoidance or limitation may outweigh the cost of the risk itself. A company that doesn't want to spend a lot of money on avoiding risks that do not have a high possibility of occurring will use the risk acceptance strategy.
Risk Avoidance
Risk avoidance is the opposite of risk acceptance. It is the action that avoids any exposure to the risk whatsoever. It's important to note that risk avoidance is usually the most expensive of all risk mitigation options.
Risk Limitation
Risk limitation is the most common risk management strategy used by businesses. This strategy limits a company's exposure by taking some action. It is a strategy employing a bit of risk acceptance and a bit of risk avoidance or an average of both. An example of risk limitation would be a company accepting that a disk drive may fail and avoiding a long period of failure by having backups.
Risk Transference
Risk transference is the involvement of handing risk off to a willing third party. For example, numerous companies outsource certain operations such as customer service, payroll services, etc. This can be beneficial for a company if a transferred risk is not a core competency of that company. It can also be used so a company can focus more on its core competencies.

NEW QUESTION # 183
What does the following command in netcat do?
nc -l -u -p55555 < /etc/passwd

A. grabs the /etc/passwd file when connected to UDP port 55555
B. loads the /etc/passwd file to the UDP port 55555
C. deletes the /etc/passwd file when connected to the UDP port 55555
D. logs the incoming connections to /etc/passwd file

Answer: A

NEW QUESTION # 184
You have compromised a server and successfully gained a root access. You want to pivot and pass traffic undetected over the network and evade any possible Intrusion Detection System. What is the best approach?

A. Use Alternate Data Streams to hide the outgoing packets from this server.
B. Install Cryptcat and encrypt outgoing packets from this server.
C. Install and use Telnet to encrypt all outgoing traffic from this server.
D. Use HTTP so that all traffic can be routed vis a browser, thus evading the internal Intrusion Detection Systems.

Answer: B

Explanation:
https://linuxsecurityblog.com/2018/12/23/create-a-backdoor-with-cryptcat/ Cryptcat enables us to communicate between two systems and encrypts the communication between them with twofish, one of many excellent encryption algorithms from Bruce Schneier et al. Twofish's encryption is on par with AES encryption, making it nearly bulletproof. In this way, the IDS can't detect the malicious behavior taking place even when its traveling across normal HTTP ports like 80 and 443.

NEW QUESTION # 185
You are a cybersecurlty consultant for a smart city project. The project involves deploying a vast network of loT devices for public utilities like traffic control, water supply, and power grid management The city administration is concerned about the possibility of a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack crippling these critical services. They have asked you for advice on how to prevent such an attack. What would be your primary recommendation?

A. Implement regular firmware updates for all loT devices.
B. A Deploy network intrusion detection systems (IDS) across the loT network.
C. Implement IP address whitelisting for all loT devices.
D. Establish strong, unique passwords for each loT device.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Implementing regular firmware updates for all IoT devices is the primary recommendation to prevent DDoS attacks on the smart city project. Firmware updates can fix security vulnerabilities, patch bugs, and improve performance of the IoT devices, making them less susceptible to malware infections and botnet recruitment12. Firmware updates can also enable new security features, such as encryption, authentication, and firewall, that can protect the IoT devices from unauthorized access and data theft3. Firmware updates should be done automatically or remotely, without requiring user intervention, to ensure timely and consistent security across the IoT network4.
The other options are not as effective or feasible as firmware updates for the following reasons:
* B. Deploying network intrusion detection systems (IDS) across the IoT network can help detect and alert DDoS attacks, but not prevent them. IDS can monitor network traffic and identify malicious patterns, such as high volume, spoofed IP addresses, or unusual protocols, that indicate a DDoS attack5.
However, IDS cannot block or mitigate the attack, and may even be overwhelmed by the flood of traffic, resulting in false positives or missed alerts. Moreover, deploying IDS across a vast network of IoT devices can be costly, complex, and resource-intensive, as it requires dedicated hardware, software, and personnel.
* C. Establishing strong, unique passwords for each IoT device can prevent unauthorized access and brute-force attacks, but not DDoS attacks. Passwords can protect the IoT devices from being compromised by hackers who try to guess or crack the default or weak credentials. However, passwords cannot prevent DDoS attacks that exploit known or unknown vulnerabilities in the IoT devices, such as buffer overflows, command injections, or protocol flaws. Moreover, establishing and managing strong, unique passwords for each IoT device can be challenging and impractical, as it requires user awareness, memory, and effort.
* D. Implementing IP address whitelisting for all IoT devices can restrict network access and communication to trusted sources, but not DDoS attacks. IP address whitelisting can filter out unwanted or malicious traffic by allowing only the predefined IP addresses to connect to the IoT devices.
However, IP address whitelisting cannot prevent DDoS attacks that use spoofed or legitimate IP addresses, such as reflection or amplification attacks, that bypass the whitelisting rules. Moreover, implementing IP address whitelisting for all IoT devices can be difficult and risky, as it requires constant updating, testing, and monitoring of the whitelist, and may block legitimate or emergency traffic by mistake.
References:
* 1: How to proactively protect IoT devices from DDoS attacks - Synopsys
* 2: IoT and DDoS: Cyberattacks on the Rise | A10 Networks
* 3: Detection and Prevention of DDoS Attacks on the IoT - MDPI
* 4: How to Secure IoT Devices: 5 Best Practices | IoT For All
* 5: Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) Part 1 - Network Security | Coursera
* : DDoS Attacks: Detection and Mitigation - Cisco
* : The Challenges of IoT Security - Infosec Resources
* : IoT Security: How to Protect Connected Devices and the IoT Ecosystem | Kaspersky
* : IoT Security: Common Vulnerabilities and Attacks | IoT For All
* : The Password Problem: How to Use Passwords Effectively in 2021 | Dashlane Blog
* : What is IP Whitelisting? | Cloudflare
* : DDoS Attacks: Types, Techniques, and Protection | Cloudflare
* : IP Whitelisting: Pros and Cons | Imperva

NEW QUESTION # 186
What is the known plaintext attack used against DES which gives the result that encrypting plaintext with one DES key followed by encrypting it with a second DES key is no more secure than using a single key?

A. Traffic analysis attack
B. Meet-in-the-middle attack
C. Replay attack
D. Man-in-the-middle attack

Answer: B

Explanation:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meet-in-the-middle_attack
The meet-in-the-middle attack (MITM), a known plaintext attack, is a generic space-time tradeoff cryptographic attack against encryption schemes that rely on performing multiple encryption operations in sequence. The MITM attack is the primary reason why Double DES is not used and why a Triple DES key (168-bit) can be bruteforced by an attacker with 256 space and 2112 operations.
The intruder has to know some parts of plaintext and their ciphertexts. Using meet-in-the-middle attacks it is possible to break ciphers, which have two or more secret keys for multiple encryption using the same algorithm. For example, the 3DES cipher works in this way. Meet-in-the-middle attack was first presented by Diffie and Hellman for cryptanalysis of DES algorithm.

NEW QUESTION # 187
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ECCouncil Certified Ethical Hacker Exam (CEHv13) Sample Questions (Q182-Q187):

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